Cancer affects millions of people worldwide each year, and treating it remains difficult because of how complex the disease can be. New findings published March 17th in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Tianyu Jiang of Shandong University in Qingdao, China, and colleagues highlight a possible new strategy. The researchers show that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) can be modified to carry anticancer compounds and target tumors in mice.
Bacteria naturally live in the human body and influence both health and disease. Scientists are exploring whether these microbes can be redesigned to fight cancer, although their effectiveness as treatments is still uncertain.
To test this idea, the team engineered the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) so it could produce Romidepsin (FK228), an FDA-approved drug with anticancer properties. Through genetic and genomic engineering, they developed a version of the bacteria capable of generating this drug. They then created a mouse model by introducing breast cancer tumor cells and treated the mice with the modified bacteria.
Tumor Colonization and Targeted Drug Release
The experiments showed that EcN was able to accumulate inside tumors and release Romidepsin FK228 in both laboratory and live animal settings under different conditions. This allowed the bacteria to function as a targeted treatment, delivering the drug directly to tumor sites.
Even so, more research is needed. The approach has not yet been tested in humans, and future studies will need to examine possible side effects as well as strategies for safely removing the bacteria after treatment. These factors could influence how useful engineered EcN becomes as a cancer therapy.
A Dual-Action Cancer Therapy Strategy
According to the authors, “The probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a potential member of tumor-targeting bacteria, shows great promise for cancer treatment. By leveraging engineered EcN, we can design a bacteria-assisted, tumor-targeted therapy for the biosynthesis and targeted delivery of small-molecule anticancer agents. Our mouse-model study establishes a solid foundation for engineering bacteria which are capable of producing small-molecule anticancer drugs and engaged in bacteria-assisted tumor-targeted therapy, paving the way for future advancements in this field.”
The authors add, “Escherichia coli Nissle 1917’s tumor colonization synergizes with Romidepsin’s anticancer activity to form a dual-action cancer therapy.”
